Primary atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) in the spinal canal are rare central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms that are challenging to diagnose and treat. To date, there has been no standard treatment regimen for these challenging malignant tumors. Thus, we conducted this research to explore potential prognostic factors and feasible treatment modalities for improving the prognosis of these tumors. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases, using the keywords “atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor,” “rhabdoid tumor,” “spine,” “spinal,” “spinal neoplasm”, and “spinal cord neoplasm.” All eligible cases demonstrated SMARCB1-deficient expression validated by pathological examination. We collected and analyzed data related to clinical presentation, radiological features, pathological characteristics, treatment modalities and prognosis via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Thirty-six articles comprising 58 spinal AT/RT patients were included in the study. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 18 and 22 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significant survival improvements for OS in the nonmetastasis, male, radiotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy groups as well as for PFS in the chemotherapy and radiotherapy groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that chemotherapy and radiotherapy were prognostic factors for improved PFS, and that intrathecal chemotherapy reduced the risk of mortality. Spinal AT/RTs are uncommon malignant entities with a dismal survival rate. Although our review is limited by variability between cases, there is some evidence revealing potential risk factors and the importance of systematic chemotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy and radiotherapy in spinal AT/RT treatment modalities.
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Pediatric Spinal Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor: Recent Advances in Biology and Management Options Ruby Siada, Kaushik Banerjee, Payal Malhotra, Mohannad Ibrahim, Daniel C. Moreira, John R. Prensner, Santhosh A. Upadhyaya Cancers.2026; 18(7): 1171. CrossRef
Right Upper Lobe Pulmonary Spindle Cell Neoplasm With Rhabdoid Differentiation and Spinal Canal Invasion in a 19‐Year‐Old Female: A Case Report Quang Dai La, Aiman Baloch, Sobia Ahmed, Muhammad Ayub, Shanmukh Bachhu, Eric Teng, Hafsa Qayyum, Nam T. Nguyen Clinical Case Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of remazolam and propofol on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during spinal surgery: A prospective randomized study Ying Zhou, Hai-Fang Li, Yan-Ping Li, Ya-Jing Niu, Qi-Chao Su, Zhi-Hui Ma Medicine.2025; 104(37): e43943. CrossRef
Histogenesis of Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors: Anatomical and Embryological Perspectives Tadanori Tomita Cancers.2025; 18(1): 8. CrossRef
Objective Syringomyelia is a common central nervous system disease characterized by the dilation of the central canal (CC). Regarding the pathogenesis of syringomyelia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation obstruction in the subarachnoid space (SAS) of the spinal cord has been widely accepted. However, clinical and animal studies on obstructing the CSF in SAS failed to form syringomyelia, challenging the theory of SAS obstruction. The precise pathogenesis remains unknown.
Methods We utilized an extradural compression rat model to investigate the pathogenesis underlying syringomyelia. Magnetic resonance imaging enabled detection of syringomyelia formation. To assess CSF flow within the SAS, Evans blue was infused into the cisterna magna. Histological analysis allowed morphological examination of the CC. Furthermore, CSF flow through the CC was traced using Ovalbumin Alexa-Flour 647 conjugate (OAF-647). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled visualization of ependymal cilia.
Results The findings showed that the dura mater below the compression segment exhibited lighter coloration relative to the region above the compression, indicative of partial obstruction within the SAS. However, the degree of SAS occlusion did not significantly differ between syringomyelia (SM-Y group) and those without (SM-N group). Intriguingly, hematoxylin and eosin staining and CSF tracing revealed occlusion of the CC accompanied by reduced CSF flow in the SM-Y group compared to SM-N and control groups. SEM images uncovered impairment of ependymal cilia inside the syringomyelia.
Conclusion CC occlusion may represent a physiological prerequisite for syringomyelia formation, while SAS obstruction serves to initiate disease onset. The impairment of ependymal cilia appears to facilitate progression of syringomyelia.
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A novel Minimally-Invasive technique for Non-Traumatic postoperative adhesive Syringomyelia Can Zhang, Chenghua Yuan, Jiachen Wang, Hao Wu, Zan Chen, Fengzeng Jian, Jian Guan European Spine Journal.2026; 35(4): 2095. CrossRef
Thecoperitoneal shunt placement for extensive spinal adhesive arachnoiditis or lumbosacral outlet obstruction with syringomyelia Fan Yuan, Chenghua Yuan, Chao Chang, Tailai Li, Hao Wu, Zan Chen, Marcus A. Stoodley, Fengzeng Jian, Jian Guan European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Glial scarring limits recovery following decompressive surgery in rats with syringomyelia Shengyu Cui, Jinze Li, Can Zhang, Qian Li, Chuan Jiang, Xinyu Wang, Xiaoxu Yu, Kang Li, Yuxin Feng, Fengzeng Jian Experimental Neurology.2025; 385: 115113. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Cerebellar Tonsillectomy Treatment for Revision Chiari Malformation Surgery: A Series of 63 Patients Fan Yuan, Chenghua Yuan, Dingran Li, Pingchuan Xia, Jian Guan, Yueqi Du, Can Zhang, Zhenlei Liu, Kai Wang, Wanru Duan, Zuowei Wang, Xingwen Wang, Hao Wu, Zan Chen, Fengzeng Jian World Neurosurgery.2025; 196: 123690. CrossRef
A Novel Surgical Technique for Post-traumatic Syringomyelia Progressing to the Medulla Oblongata: Evidence of Upward Drainage of Central Canal Fluid Within the Spinal Cord Chenghua Yuan, Zhencheng Xiong, Houyuan Lv, Chenyuan Ding, Pingchuan Xia, Huixin Xue, Hui Zhan, Mingchu Li, Yueqi Du, Can Zhang, Zhenlei Liu, Kai Wang, Wanru Duan, Zuowei Wang, Xingwen Wang, Hao Wu, Zan Chen, Fengzeng Jian, Jian Guan Neurosurgery.2025; 97(2): 424. CrossRef
Objective This study aims to compare the proteomic profiles of paraspinal muscle imbalance between idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and congenital scoliosis (CS).
Methods Bilateral paraspinal muscles of 5 pairs of matched IS and CS patients were collected. Proteome patterns of paraspinal muscles were established. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in paraspinal muscles between the convexity and the concavity were screened out. DEPs shared by both IS and CS and IS-specific DEPs were identified. Bioinformatic analyses of DEPs were performed.
Results Among 105 DEPs identified in IS, 30 displayed predominant expression on the convexity, whereas other 75 exhibited predominant expression on the concavity. DEPs in IS were mainly enriched in calcium ion binding and DNA binding in gene ontology (GO) term and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and purine metabolism in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Among 48 DEPs identified in CS, 25 were predominantly expressed on the convexity and 23 on the concavity. DEPs in CS were mainly enriched in receptor activity and immune response in GO term and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and cellular senescence in KEGG pathway. Comparison of DEPs between IS and CS identified only 8 proteins shared by both types of scoliosis. Among the 97 IS-specific DEPs, 28 were predominantly expressed on the convexity and 69 on the concavity. IS-specific genes were enriched in calcium ion binding and protein glycosylation in GO term and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in KEGG pathway.
Conclusion IS and CS exhibit proteomic imbalance in bilateral paraspinal muscles but share few similarities. Paraspinal muscle imbalance in IS might not be the consequence of spinal deformities.
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Genetic Association of CANT1 Gene with Scoliosis: An Integrative Study Involving Methylation, Immune Factors, and Metabolites Xiao Zhang, Wenbo Gu, Yanrong Tian, Hongyang Zhao, Donghui Cao, Tenyao Niu, Xusheng Li, Haifeng Yuan Journal of Molecular Neuroscience.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Spinal muscle characteristics during three different types of locomotion activities among college students with idiopathic scoliosis Yanyun Gou, Jing Tao, Jia Huang, Meijin Hou, Yifan Sun, Xiang Chen, Xiangbin Wang BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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