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To investigate a suitable animal model for studies of male osteoporosis. Osteoporosis has a particularly high incidence in postmenopausal women, resulting in a substantial amount of research with respect to this disease in women. However, research on osteoporosis in men is still lacking.
Twenty 10-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study, including 4 rats used to establish a baseline bone mineral density (BMD). The other 16 rats were divided into two groups: a sham surgery group (n=8), which underwent a sham operation, and an orchiectomized rat group (OCX) (n=8), which underwent bilateral OCX at 10 weeks of age. Bone mineral density was measured in 4 rats from both the sham surgery group and the OCX group 8 weeks after the surgery, while BMD in the remainder of the rats was measured 10 weeks post-surgery.
Femoral BMD at 8 weeks post-surgery was found to be significantly lower in the OCX group compared to the sham group; a finding that was also similar 10 weeks post-surgery.
8 weeks after undergoing orchiectomy performed via a scrotal, white rats are a suitable model for studies of male osteoporosis.
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Cervical OPLL is a relatively common cause of developing cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy in Asians. Cervical OPLL is sometimes missed in lateral radiography or MRI. In the present study, we analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of cervical OPLL in lateral radiography and MRI compared to CT scan.
This is a retrospective study of forty-six patients who underwent decompressive surgery anteriorly or posteriorly in our institute. All patients were diagnosed with cervical OPLL by CT scan. The patients were grouped into continuous type, segmental type, mixed type, and localized type. We then evaluated lateral radiographs and MRI compared to CT scans. The diagnostic accuracy and false negative rates in lateral radiograph and MRI were evaluated.
In a total of 46 patients diagnosed with cervical OPLL in CT scans, diagnostic accuracy using lateral radiograph and MRI were 52.2%(24/46) and 58.7%(27/46), respectively. In the continuous type group, diagnostic accuracy using lateral radiograph and MRI were 85.7%(6/7) and 100.0%(7/7). In the segmental type group, diagnostic accuracy using lateral radiograph and MRI were 27.3%(6/22) and 31.8%(7/22). In the mixed type group, diagnostic accuracy was 91.7%(11/12) in lateral radiograph and 83.3%(10/12) in MRI. In the localized group, diagnostic accuracy was 20.0%(1/5) in lateral radiograph and 60.0%(3/5) in MRI.
The diagnostic accuracy of cervical OPLL using lateral radiograph and MRI was less than using CT scan. For the best treatment plan, preoperative CT scan should be performed to detect conditions of ossifications such as cervical OPLL.
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To establish normative data for spinal canal AP diameter from cervical vertebra to sacrum in the Korean young and to assess the exposed spinal canal after laminectomy which was related with restenosis by post-laminectomy membrane formation.
From PET/CT, axial bone-window CT of 83 young adults (20-29 years) were obtained, and we measured AP diameters of C3, C5, C7, T1, T4, T8, T12, L1, L3, L5 and S1. We also measured exposed AP diameter of C3, C5, C7, T1 and T2 above imaginary line for laminectomy.
The shortest mean AP diameter was at C5 (14.5±1.5 mm), and the longest was at S1 (17.4±2.3 mm). AP diameter increased from C3 (14.6±1.1 mm) to T1 (16.1±1.2 mm) at cervical spine. In the thoracic spine, the diameter gradually decreased from T1 (16.1±1.2 mm) to T8 (14.6±1.3 mm) and increased to T12 (16.7±1.2 mm). The diameter decreased from L1 (16.7±1.3 mm) to L3 (15.7±1.9 mm), and it increased to S1 (17.4±2.3 mm) at lumbar spine. Exposed AP diameter above imaginary line for laminectomy was the longest at C3 (4.8±1.2 mm) and gradually decreased to T1 (3.3±0.9 mm) and T2 (0 mm).
Spinal AP diameter was the shortest in the mid-cervical area (C5) and increased to the upper thoracic area. From the upper thoracic vertebra, the diameter gradually decreased to the mid-thoracic vertebra (T8) and then increased to the lower thoracic vertebra. Lumbar vertebra also was similar with thoracic vertebra. Below T2, there was no exposed dural sac after laminectomy. This means that restenosis by post-laminectomy membrane formation can occur above T1.
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