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Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
AIS, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; TBI, traumatic brain injury; ACDF, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; UFH, unfractionated heparin; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; LE, lower extremity; US, ultrasound; CTA, computed tomography angiography.
p-values refer to a chi-square comparison between early, standard, and late anticoagulation timing groups. p-value for age refers to a 1-way analysis of variance calculation.
Variable | < 24 Hours (n = 49) | 24–72 Hours (n = 20)‡ | > 24 Hours (n = 30)§ | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thromboembolism | ||||||
DVT | 2 (4.1) | 6 (30.0) | 7 (23.3) | 0.099 (0.018-0.548) | 0.006‡ | |
0.140 (0.027-0.727) | 0.009§ | |||||
PE | 3 (6.1) | 1 (5.0) | 3 (10.0) | - | 1.000‡/0.668§ | |
VTE | 3 (6.1)* | 7 (35.0) | 9 (30.0)† | 0.121 (0.027-0.535) | 0.005‡ | |
0.152 (0.037-0.620) | 0.008§ | |||||
Bleeding | ||||||
Hematoma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | N/A | |
Seroma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | N/A | |
Dehiscence | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | 1.000 | |
Drain output | ||||||
TotalII (mL) | 592 | 888 | 751 | - | 0.336‡/0.460§ | |
Average daily¶ (mL) | 117 | 167 | 154 | - | 0.247‡/0.261§ | |
Drain duration (day) | 4.45 | 4.15 | 4.19 | - | 0.512‡/0.640§ |
Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
CI, confidence interval; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism; N/A, not applicable. VTE refers to either a DVT, PE, or the simultaneous discovery of both in a single patient. Drain output data was available for 40, 16, and 26 patients or the early, standard, and standard+late groups, respectively.
Variable | UFH (n = 70) | LMWH (n = 9) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thromboembolism | |||||
DVT | 9 (12.9) | 0 (0) | 0.587 | ||
PE | 5 (7.1) | 1 (11.1) | 0.528 | ||
VTE | 11 (15.7)* | 1 (11.1) | 1.000 | ||
Bleeding | |||||
Hematoma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | ||
Seroma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | ||
Dehiscence | 1 (1.4) | 1 (11.1) | 0.216 | ||
Drain output | |||||
Total† (mL) | 633 | 793 | 0.570 | ||
Average daily‡ (mL) | 131 | 137 | 0.873 | ||
Drain duration (day) | 4.23 | 5.00 | 0.228 |
Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
VTE, venous thromboembolism; UFH, unfractionated heparin; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; CI, confidence interval; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism.
13 Patients in the UFH group did not have drain output data available.
Variable | A (n = 31) | B (n = 9) | C (n = 20) | D (n = 13) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thromboembolism | ||||||
DVT | 3 (9.7) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (15.0) | 2 (15.4) | 0.829 | |
PE | 3 (9.7) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 0.695 | |
VTE | 4 (12.9)* | 1 (6.7) | 5 (25.0) | 2 (15.4) | 0.481 | |
Bleeding | ||||||
Hematoma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | |
Seroma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | |
Dehiscence | 0 (0) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.033 |