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Neurospine > Volume 17(1); 2020 > Article |
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Variable | LEMD (n = 105) | No LEMD (n = 270) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 58.8 (15.2) | 59.0 (15.9) | 0.893 |
Sex | 0.703 | ||
Male | 58 (55.2) | 155 (57.4) | |
Female | 47 (44.8) | 115 (42.6) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.7 ± 4.3 | 27.2 ± 4.7 | 0.344 |
Smoking status | 0.177 | ||
Nonsmoker | 73 (69.5) | 206 (76.3) | |
Smoker | 32 (30.5) | 64 (23.7) | |
ASA PS classification | 0.468 | ||
0–I | 20 (19.0) | 43 (15.9) | |
II–III | 85 (81.0) | 227 (84.1) | |
Working status | 0.864 | ||
Not working | 20 (19.0) | 42 (15.6) | |
Working | 41 (39.1) | 113 (41.8) | |
Retired | 41 (39.1) | 108 (40.0) | |
Invalid | 3 (2.8) | 7 (2.6) | |
Type of procedure | < 0.001 | ||
Microdiscectomy | 75 (71.4) | 114 (42.2) | |
Lumbar decompression | 25 (23.8) | 110 (40.8) | |
Lumbar fusion* | 5 (4.8) | 46 (17.0) | |
No. of levels treated | 0.908 | ||
1 | 91 (86.7) | 232 (85.9) | |
2 | 12 (11.4) | 30 (11.1) | |
3 | 2 (1.9) | 7 (2.6) | |
4 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | |
Most severely affected level | 0.307 | ||
L1/2 | 2 (1.9) | 2 (0.7) | |
L2/3 | 10 (9.5) | 14 (5.2) | |
L3/4 | 20 (19.1) | 58 (21.5) | |
L4/5 | 51 (48.6) | 122 (45.2) | |
L5/S1 | 22 (20.9) | 74 (27.4) | |
Laterality of decompression | 0.096 | ||
Unilateral | 87 (82.9) | 202 (74.8) | |
Bilateral | 18 (17.1) | 68 (25.2) |
Variable | LEMD (n = 105) | No LEMD (n = 270) | Δ | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Subjective evaluation | ||||
VAS back pain | 3.8 ± 2.8 | 3.9 ± 2.7 | -0.1 | 0.687 |
VAS leg pain | 5.3 ± 3.0 | 4.9 ± 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.205 |
RMDI | 12.6 ± 4.7 | 11.3 ± 5.4 | 1.3 | 0.034 |
ODI | 52.8 ± 18.7 | 48.2 ± 17.4 | 4.6 | 0.025 |
SF-12 PCS | 29.7 ± 8.0 | 31.2 ± 8.2 | -1.5 | 0.106 |
SF-12 MCS | 41.2 ± 10.2 | 42.9 ± 11.7 | -1.7 | 0.180 |
EQ-5D index | 0.531 ± 0.202 | 0.498 ± 0.231 | 0.033 | 0.201 |
Objective evaluation | ||||
TUG test (sec) | 13.9 ± 14.0 | 10.5 ± 4.7 | 3.4* | < 0.001 |
OFI, T-score | 144.2 ± 109.6 | 124.3 ± 27.2 | 19.9* | 0.006 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
VAS, visual analogue scale; RMDI, Roland-Morris Disability Index; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; SF-12 PCS, Short-Form 12 physical component summary; SF-12 MCS, Short-Form 12 mental component summary; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5D; TUG, Timed-Up and Go; OFI, objective functional impairment.
Δ=mean difference (LEMD – no LEMD).
Variable | High-grade LEMD (n=6) | Low-grade LEMD (n=99) | Δ | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Subjective evaluation | ||||
VAS back pain | 3.3 ± 2.8 | 3.8 ± 2.8 | -0.5 | 0.653 |
VAS leg pain | 4.3 ± 3.2 | 5.3 ± 2.9 | -1.0 | 0.390 |
RMDI | 12.8 ± 6.4 | 12.6 ± 4.7 | 0.2 | 0.898 |
ODI | 47.0 ± 22.8 | 53.1 ± 18.5 | -6.1 | 0.439 |
SF-12 PCS | 35.5 ± 11.1 | 29.4 ± 7.7 | 6.1* | 0.069 |
SF-12 MCS | 38.1 ± 10.2 | 41.4 ± 10.2 | -3.3 | 0.456 |
EQ-5D index | 0.470 ± 0.359 | 0.535 ± 0.191 | -0.065 | 0.448 |
Objective evaluation | ||||
TUG test (sec) | 29.1 ± 48.4 | 12.9 ± 8.6 | 16.2* | 0.006 |
OFI, T-score | 280.9 ± 406.1 | 135.9 ± 55.8 | 145.0* | 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
VAS, visual analogue scale; RMDI, Roland-Morris Disability Index; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; SF-12 PCS, Short-Form 12 physical component summary; SF-12 MCS, Short-Form 12 mental component summary; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5D; TUG, Timed-Up and Go; OFI, objective functional impairment.
Δ=mean difference (LEMD – no LEMD).
LEMD, lower extremity motor deficit; LDH, lumbar disc herniation; LSS, lumbar spinal stenosis; FUS, fusion procedure; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ASA PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status; BMRC, British Medical Research Council; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; SF-12 PCS, Short-Form 12 physical component summary; TUG, Timed-Up and Go; OFI, objective functional impairment.