Neurospine

Neurospine provides spine clinicians and researchers with peer-reviewed articles on both basic and clinical investigations of the spine and spinal cord, aimed at enhancing patient management, education, research, and professionalism.

The journal welcomes submissions covering the entire spine, from the craniocervical to the lumbosacral regions, including the following areas: neuroscience and pain research, bone and mineral research, disc and joint research, bio and industrial technology, pathophysiology, risk factors, symptomatology, imaging, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal, spinal cord and peripheral nerve diseases.

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Transcranial Optogenetic Stimulation Promotes Corticospinal Tract Axon Regeneration to Repair Spinal Cord Injury by Activating the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway

Yuan-Huan Ma, Hong-Ying Chen, Qing-Shuai Wei, Li-Zhi Peng, Ke-Jun Zhang, Qing-Wen Deng, Lai-Jian Wang, Zhou Liu, Bi-Qin Lai, Ying Ding, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):311-328.

Objective: Regeneration of corticospinal tract (CST) axons after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a key element in rebuilding neuronal connections to restore voluntary motor function. However, it remains challenging owing...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

The Role of K-Line and Canal-Occupying Ratio in Surgical Outcomes for Multilevel Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Jun Jae Shin, Sun Joon Yoo, Dong Kyu Kim, Hyun Jun Jang, Bong Ju Moon, Kyung Hyun Kim, Jeong Yoon Park, Sung Uk Kuh, Dong Kyu Chin, Keun Su Kim, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):337-348.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the K-line and canal-occupying ratio (COR) on surgical outcomes in patients with multilevel cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Methods: Patients with cervical...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Proximal Thoracic Alignment Change Influences Cervical Sagittal Alignment After Correction Surgery in Patients With Lenke Type 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Xi Lin, Satoshi Suzuki, Kazuki Takeda, Takahito Iga, Toshiki Okubo, Masahiro Ozaki, Osahiko Tsuji, Narihito Nagoshi, Morio Matsumoto, Masaya Nakamura, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):354-363.

Objective: To examine the factors influencing cervical sagittal alignment (CSA) after posterior correction and fusion surgery (PSF) for patients with Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: A total of...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation With Radiculopathy in South Korea

Jong Joo Lee, Min Cheol Chang, Dong Ah Shin, Jin Hoon Park, Miyoung Choi, Hyung-Youl Park, In Soo Kim, Jung-Kil Lee, Chung-Kee Chough, Seung Hwan Yoon, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):366-383.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with radiculopathy, tailored to South Korean clinical settings. Methods: The...

Review Article

June 30, 2025

A Systematic Review of Treatment Guidelines for Lumbar Disc Herniation

Haiyue Jin, Alexander M. Lopez, Flor Garza Romero, Ryan Hoang, Ashish Ramesh, Hansen C. Bow

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):389-402.

Various treatments have been developed for treating herniated lumbar discs (HLD), which have been examined by professional associations when composing clinical guidelines that provide structured approaches to treating HLD. This...

Review Article

June 30, 2025

Narrative Review on Postoperative Pain Management Following Spine Surgery

Crystal Yu, Michael Madsen, Olutola Akande, Michael Y. Oh, Ryan Mattie, David W. Lee

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):403-420.

Postoperative pain is an inevitable consequence of spine surgery, yet there remains no universal consensus on the optimal pain management strategy. The complexity of spine procedures, coupled with patient variability,...

Review Article

June 30, 2025

Advances in Therapeutic Applications of CRISPR Genome Editing for Spinal Pain Management

Chan Young Kang, Kyung Wook Been, Myoung-Hee Kang, Myung Su Choi, Rae Hee Kang, Junseok W. Hur, Junho K. Hur

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):421-440.

Neuropathic pain remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited efficacy and sustainability of existing pharmacological treatments, underscoring the urgent need for mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. In recent years, gene-targeted...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Effectiveness of a Facet Joint Block Versus a Medial Branch Block in Spinal Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sung Hyeon Noh, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Dong Ah Shin, Je Hwi Yun, Pyung Goo Cho, Sang Hyun Kim

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):441-450.

Objective: Facet joint injections (FJIs) and medial branch blocks (MBBs) are commonly used interventions for chronic spinal pain, but their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Preoperative Opioid Misuse Associations With Delayed Opioid Cessation, Pain, and Negative Affect After Spine Surgery

Jennifer M. Hah, Shana C. Levine, Saneel Khairnar, Luke Pirrotta, Alma Rechav Ben-Natan, Emily Tse, Gabrielle Hettie, Todd Alamin, Anand Veeravagu, Serena Hu, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):451-464.

Objective: Preoperative opioid misuse is associated with worse postoperative outcomes. This prospective longitudinal cohort study evaluated the association between preoperative opioid misuse and prolonged pain and opioid use after elective...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Evaluating the Technical Specifications and Clinical Performance of Different Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty Catheters

Ji Young Jang, Songrit Vuttipongkul, Dong Soon Jang, Min Cheol Chang

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):465-472.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the structural and functional characteristics of commercially available percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) catheters. Correlations among catheter properties were also examined to identify...

Original Article

December 23, 2024

Precision Nanotherapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Modulating SLC16A3 With Methylprednisolone-Loaded Nanoparticles

Jianwei Lv, Shibo Ma, Duo Shan

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):478-499.

Objective: Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe motor and sensory deficits, with limited treatment options. This study investigates how methylprednisolone-loaded nanoparticles (MP-NPs) modulate SCI repair by targeting solute carrier...

Original Article

April 16, 2025

Surgical Strategy Analysis of Chiari Malformation With or Without Type II Basilar Invagination According to the Morphological Types of the Atlanto-Occipital Joint: A Retrospective Study of 212 Patients

Qinguo Huang, Junhua Ye, Yanyu Wu, Qiang Zhou, Hong Li, Lin Peng, Yuntao Lu

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):500-513.

Objective: Our previous study categorized atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ) morphology into 3 types, with types II and III-AOJ associated with Chiari malformation (CM) with and without type II basilar invagination (II-BI),...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Optimization of Paravertebral Foramen Screw Placement: A Stepwise Approach Considering O-arm Navigation Errors: Technical Note and Case Series

Yu Yamamoto, Yusuke Nishimura, Motonori Ishii, Nobuhisa Fukaya, Eisuke Tsukamoto, Ryuta Saito, Masahito Hara, Masakazu Takayasu

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):514-522.

Objective: Paravertebral foramen screws (PVFSs) have been developed for better pullout strength than lateral mass screws do and lower the risk of vertebral artery and nerve injury than do pedicle...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Rates, Causes, and Predictive Factors of Hospital Readmissions After Spine Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Lingxiao Chen, Jiaming Ding, Zhuo Chen, David B. Anderson, Maja R. Radojčić, Ruiyuan Zheng, Qingyu Sun, Wenjian Yuan, Jiuxiao Sun, Runhan Fu, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):523-539.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the rates, causes, and predictive factors of readmissions at different periods following spine surgery, up to 180 days. Methods: This study utilized data from the...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Endoscopic Transnasal Approach to Atlantoaxial Decompression and C1–2 Fixation in Basilar Invagination of Adults: A Feasibility Study

Jiahai Ding, Shao Xie, Yuliang Chen, Runchuan Zhou, Syed Matiullah Azizi, Xiaoya Huang, Yang Xiong, Yuancheng Yao, Yushun Zhang, Yong Liu, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):543-555.

Objective: To explore a surgical technique for completing ventral bone decompression and C1–2 plate-screw fixation in the craniocervical junction (CVJ) through nasal approach by stage I at the imaging and...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Biportal Endoscopic Decompression for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis With Stenosis

Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Ho-Jin Lee, Sang Bum Kim, Sang-Min Park, Hyun-Jin Park

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):556-565.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) using biportal endoscopic spinal surgery (BESS) in patients with central canal stenosis,...

Original Article

April 30, 2025

Endoscopic Decompression Combined With Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation for AOSpine A3 or A4 Thoracolumbar Fractures With Neurological Deficits: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Huiming Yang, Junxian Miao, Jiangtao Wang, Dan Han, Yuhang Wang, Liang Yan, Biao Wang, Dingjun Hao

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):571-582.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with AOSpine A3 or A4 thoracolumbar fractures presenting with neurological deficits treated with endoscopic decompression combined with percutaneous pedicle...

Original Article

June 30, 2025

Intra-, Epidural And Intracranial Pressure Changes During Interlaminar Endoscopy, With and Without Dural Tear

Mazda Farshad, Jana Felicitas Schader, Alexandra Stauffer, Carl Moritz Zipser, Najmeh Kheram, José Miguel Spirig, Marie-Rosa Fasser, Jonas Widmer, Vincent Hagel

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):583-591.

Objective: Endoscopic spine surgery implies possibly severe complications of the central nervous system, from headache to seizures and autonomic dysreflexia. These adverse events might be due to increased intracranial pressure...

Original article

April 16, 2025

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Adjacent Vertebral Fracture After Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

Hanwen Cheng, Huilong Wen, Yong Ma, Zhuojie Liu, Haoyu Wu, Lajing Luowu, Yong Xiao, Lianbin Liang, Fanjie Kong, Longyi Xiao, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):592-602.

Objective: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are a major public health concern. While percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is an effective treatment for OVCF, adjacent vertebral fractures (AVF) often occur post-PVA,...

Original Article

April 15, 2025

Anterior Corpectomy Versus Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation With 5.5-mm Rods for Metastatic Spinal Tumor Located in the Cervicothoracic Junction

Sun Woo Jang, Hong Kyung Shin, Sang Ryong Jeon, Sung Woo Roh, Danbi Park, Chongman Kim, Jin Hoon Park

Neurospine. 2025;22(2):603-612.

Objective: This study compared the efficacy of posterior pedicle screw fixation with 5.5-mm rods (PPSF5.5) with anterior corpectomy (AC) for metastatic cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) tumors. Methods: This retrospective analysis included patients...

Human-Robot Interaction and Social Robot: The Emerging Field of Healthcare Robotics and Current and Future Perspectives for Spinal Care (4,912 times) In Ho Han, Dong Hwan Kim, Kyoung Hyup Nam, Jae Il Lee, Kye-Hyung Kim, Jong-Hwan Park, Ho Seok Ahn Neurospine. 2024;21(3):868-877.Cited By 2 Review Article September 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Complications in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery in the Last 10 Years: A Narrative Review (4,258 times) Blake I. Boadi, Chibuikem Anthony Ikwuegbuenyi, Sean Inzerillo, Gabrielle Dykhouse, Rachel Bratescu, Mazin Omer, Osama N. Kashlan, Galal Elsayed, Roger Härtl Neurospine. 2024;21(3):770-803.Cited By 5 Review Article September 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
A Review of Functional Restoration From Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury (3,243 times) Alice Lin, Elias Shaaya, Jonathan S. Calvert, Samuel R. Parker, David A. Borton, Jared S. Fridley Neurospine. 2022;19(3):703-734.Cited By 27 Review Article September 30, 2022 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Natural Course and the Value of Diagnostic Techniques –WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations (3,233 times) Mehmet Zileli, Sachin A. Borkar, Sumit Sinha, Rui Reinas, Óscar L. Alves, Se-Hoon Kim, Sumeet Pawar, Bala Murali, Jutty Parthiban Neurospine. 2019;16(3):386-402.Cited By 45 Review Article September 30, 2019 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Comparative Review of the Socioeconomic Burden of Lower Back Pain in the United States and Globally (2,937 times) Diana Chang, Austin Lui, Alisa Matsoyan, Michael M. Safaee, Henry Aryan, Christopher Ames Neurospine. 2024;21(2):487-501.Cited By 7 Review Article June 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Navigation-Guided/Robot-Assisted Spinal Surgery: A Review Article (2,732 times) Young-Seok Lee, Dae-Chul Cho, Kyoung-Tae Kim Neurospine. 2024;21(1):8-17.Cited By 27 Review Article March 31, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Complications and Management of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery (2,516 times) Chang Il Ju, Seung Myung Lee Neurospine. 2023;20(1):56-77.Cited By 71 Review Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Pharmacological Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Critical Review of Current Evidence (2,372 times) Jordan J Levett, Miltiadis Georgiopoulos, Simon Martel, Wissam Al Mugheiry, Nikolaos A. Stavropoulos, Miguel Vega-Arroyo, Carlo Santaguida, Michael H. Weber, Jeff D. Golan, Peter Jarzem, et al. Neurospine. 2024;21(2):375-400.Cited By 4 Review Article June 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Surgical Results and Risk Factors for Recurrence of Lumbar Disc Herniation (2,069 times) Jung Tae Oh, Ki Seok Park, Sung Sam Jung, Seung Young Chung, Seong Min Kim, Moon Sun Park, Han Kyu Kim Korean J Spine. 2012;9(3):170-175.Cited By 14 Clinical Article September 30, 2012 Full text PubReader PDF	Comparative Efficacy of Surgical Interventions for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis (2,038 times) Yanting Liu, Jin Liu, Siravich Suvithayasiri, Inbo Han, Jin-Sung Kim Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1142-1158.Cited By 5 Original Article December 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Standard Dermatomes and Myotomes for Determining the Pathologic Level in Surgically Verified Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy (1,946 times) Chul Gie Hong, Woo Dong Nam Neurospine. 2022;19(4):1006-1012.Cited By 8 Original Article December 31, 2022 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Radiological and Clinical Significance of Cervical Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (1,938 times) Jun Jae Shin, Sun Joon Yoo, Tae Woo Kim, Jae-Young So, Won Joo Jeong, Mu Ha Lee, Joongkyum Shin, Yoon Ha Neurospine. 2024;21(2):443-454.Cited By 5 Original Article June 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
Hemodynamic Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Literature Review (1,895 times) Young-Seok Lee, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Brian K. Kwon Neurospine. 2021;18(1):7-14.Cited By 39 Review Article November 17, 2020 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	The Utilization of Navigation and Emerging Technologies With Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review (1,850 times) Abhinav K. Sharma, Rafael Garcia de Oliveira, Siravich Suvithayasiri, Piya Chavalparit, Chien Chun Chang, Yong H. Kim, Charla R. Fischer, Sang Lee, Samuel Cho, Jin-Sung Kim, et al. Neurospine. 2025;22(1):105-117. Review Article March 31, 2025 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Indications for Nonsurgical Treatment of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations (1,821 times) Nikolay Peev, Mehmet Zileli, Salman Sharif, Shahswar Arif, Zarina Brady Neurospine. 2021;18(4):713-724.Cited By 19 Review Article December 31, 2021 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Regional Anesthesia for Lumbar Spine Surgery: Can It Be a Standard in the Future? (1,786 times) Jae-Koo Lee, Jong Hwa Park, Seung-Jae Hyun, Daniel Hodel, Oliver N. Hausmann Neurospine. 2021;18(4):733-740.Cited By 31 Review Article December 31, 2021 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Pearls and Pitfalls of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion: A Comprehensive Narrative Review (1,784 times) Hyoungmin Kim, Bong-Soon Chang, Sam Yeol Chang Neurospine. 2022;19(1):163-176.Cited By 47 Review Article March 31, 2022 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	A Systematic Review of Treatment Guidelines for Lumbar Disc Herniation (1,782 times) Haiyue Jin, Alexander M. Lopez, Flor Garza Romero, Ryan Hoang, Ashish Ramesh, Hansen C. Bow Neurospine. 2025;22(2):389-402. Review Article June 30, 2025 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perspectives in Full Endoscopic Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review (1,761 times) Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Sung Tan Cho, Ayush Sharma, Watcharaporn Cholamjiak, Meng-Huang Wu, Lo Cho Yau, Hyun-Jin Park, Ho-Jin Lee Neurospine. 2025;22(1):81-104.Cited By 1 Review Article March 31, 2025 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Comparative Efficacy of Clinical Interventions for Sacroiliac Joint Pain: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis With Preliminary Design of Treatment Algorithm (1,712 times) Yanting Liu, Siravich Suvithayasiri, Jin-Sung Kim Neurospine. 2023;20(3):997-1010.Cited By 7 Original Article September 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
The Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Narrative Review, and Future Perspective (1,637 times) Phattareeya Pholprajug, Vit Kotheeranurak, Yanting Liu, Jin-Sung Kim Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1224-1245.Cited By 22 Review Article December 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Therapeutic Prediction of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Using the AO Spine-DGOU Osteoporotic Fracture Classification and Classification-Based Score: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study (1,614 times) Koki Mitani, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Shinya Tokunaga, Tomoo Inoue, Ryo Kanematsu, Manabu Minami, Junya Hanakita Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1166-1176.Cited By 12 Original Article December 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
National Trends in Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis With Stenosis Treated With Fusion Versus Decompression (1,612 times) Jacob R. Ball, Matthew C. Gallo, Kareem Kebaish, Nicole Hang, Andy Ton, Fergui Hernandez, Marc Abdou, William J. Karakash, Jeffrey C. Wang, Raymond J. Hah, et al. Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1068-1077.Cited By 2 Original Article December 31, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	Biomaterials in Spinal Implants: A Review (1,605 times) Andrew Warburton, Steven J. Girdler, Christopher M. Mikhail, Amy Ahn, Samuel K. Cho Neurospine. 2020;17(1):101-110.Cited By 106 Review Article November 4, 2019 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Epidemiology of C5 Palsy after Cervical Spine Surgery: A 21-Center Study (1,600 times) Jae Keun Oh, Jae Taek Hong, Dong Ho Kang, Sang-Woo Kim, Seok Won Kim, Young Jin Kim, Chun Kee Chung, Jun Jae Shin, Seong Yi, Jung Kil Lee, et al. Neurospine. 2019;16(3):558-562.Cited By 23 Original Article September 30, 2019 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Evolving Paradigms in Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Learning Curves in Minimally Invasive Spine Techniques (1,572 times) Kun Wu, Zhihe Yun, Siravich Suvithayasiri, Yihao Liang, Dimas Rahman Setiawan, Vit Kotheeranurak, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Enrico Giordan, Qinyi Liu, Jin-Sung Kim Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1251-1275.Cited By 1 Review Article December 31, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
Deep Learning in Medical Imaging (1,559 times) Mingyu Kim, Jihye Yun, Yongwon Cho, Keewon Shin, Ryoungwoo Jang, Hyun-jin Bae, Namkug Kim Neurospine. 2019;16(4):657-668.Cited By 183 Correction in: Neurospine 2020;17(2):471 Review Article December 31, 2019 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Whole Spine Segmentation Using Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation (1,532 times) Raffaele Da Mutten, Olivier Zanier, Sven Theiler, Seung-Jun Ryu, Luca Regli, Carlo Serra, Victor E. Staartjes Neurospine. 2024;21(1):57-67.Cited By 5 Original Article February 1, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Outcome Measures and Variables Affecting Prognosis of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations (1,490 times) Mehmet Zileli, Shradha Maheshwari, Shashank Sharad Kale, Kanwaljeet Garg, Sajesh K. Menon, Jutty Parthiban Neurospine. 2019;16(3):435-447.Cited By 36 Review Article September 30, 2019 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Spinal Cord Injury Provoked Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity, and Their GABAergic Connection (1,467 times) Ankita Bhagwani, Manjeet Chopra, Hemant Kumar Neurospine. 2022;19(3):646-668.Cited By 13 Review Article September 30, 2022 Full text PubReader ePub PDF